Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc
Critical Safety Gaps for Mental Health Applications Unknown effects on cognitive function, memory, personality, mood stability beyond intended therapeutic effect Long-term impacts on brain chemistry (chronic administration effects unexplored beyond 6 weeks in animals) Potential for psychological dependence or tolerance (not studied systematically) Impacts on developing brains in adolescents and young adults (completely unknown with no pediatric studies) Drug Interactions Pose Serious Concerns BPC-157s simultaneous effects on serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and nitric oxide systems create multiple theoretical interaction points with psychiatric medications, yet interactions are not well studied. Specific concerns include: With SSRIs and SNRIs: Risk of serotonin syndrome is genuine
In the LEADER trial, over 9,340 patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular disease risk underwent randomization to liraglutide or placebo and were followed for a median of 3.8 years resulting in a 13% risk reduction in a combined endpoint of death from cardiovascular cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke [46]
Anjan Chatterjee told me that there just arent enough studies of these drugs in normal people. He said, In the situations where they do help, do they come with a cost? As he wrote in a recent letter to Nature , Most seasoned physicians have had the sobering experience of prescribing medications that, despite good intentions, caused bad outcomes. Given that cognitive enhancement is a choice, not a necessity, the cost-benefit calculation for neuroenhancers should probably be different than it is for, say, heart medications
S., Yildiz, E
